Proper speech is a complex function that requires the coordination of many muscles in the mouth, tongue, lips, and lower jaw. When the alignment of the teeth is incorrect or when there are bite irregularities, the production of clear and accurate articulation can become difficult. For many people—especially children and adolescents—crooked teeth are not just an aesthetic issue but also a cause of speech difficulties and reduced self-confidence.

Orthodontic treatment not only corrects the smile but often plays a significant role in improving pronunciation, phonation, and overall speech clarity. In this article, we will examine how bite problems and dental irregularities are linked to speech difficulties and how timely intervention can offer substantial benefits.

How tooth position affects speech

The articulation of sounds requires precise contact between the tongue, the teeth, and the palate. When the teeth are misaligned, the tongue lacks the proper support and sounds may become distorted. This is especially noticeable with sounds such as “s,” “z,” “th,” and “t,” which require close contact or minimal distance between the tongue and the upper front teeth.

For example, when the upper front teeth protrude excessively (a large overjet), the tongue cannot be properly positioned behind them. Similarly, in cases of open bite—when the front teeth do not touch each other—a gap is created through which air escapes, resulting in a lisp or sound distortion.

Common orthodontic issues that cause speech difficulties

Certain types of orthodontic problems are more closely associated with speech issues:

· Open bite: The gap between upper and lower teeth makes it hard to produce sounds that require closure.

· Crossbite: When upper teeth are positioned inside the lower ones, the tongue may rest incorrectly, leading to distorted sounds.

· Overjet (protruding upper incisors): Excessive projection of the front teeth can alter “s” and “z” sounds.

· Crowding: Lack of space causes teeth to shift, affecting tongue placement and sound formation.

Bite irregularities often coexist with swallowing problems, such as tongue thrust, which further complicates speech.

 

Signs that teeth may be affecting speech

Parents or patients themselves may notice:

· Blurred pronunciation of certain sounds

· Lisping or whistling while speaking

· Difficulty articulating “s,” “z,” or “th” sounds clearly

· Delayed development of correct pronunciation in young children

· Effort or fatigue while trying to speak clearly

Many adults become accustomed to their way of speaking and may not realize that tooth position is the underlying cause. The issue often becomes evident when others point it out, or when the person hears or sees themselves recorded.

 

When to consult an orthodontist

Early diagnosis is crucial. Most orthodontists recommend an initial evaluation around age seven, to detect bite issues early. If a child has speech or chewing difficulties, an assessment by a specialized orthodontist—and if necessary, a speech therapist—is important.

For adults, it’s never too late. Orthodontic treatment can improve not only appearance but also speech function, especially in cases of open bite or severe overjet.

 

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the irregularity:

· Children: Removable appliances (functional trainers) can guide jaw growth and correct developing bite problems.

· Teenagers and adults: Fixed braces or clear aligners such as Invisalign are common options.

· Severe cases: A combination of orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery may be required.

Close collaboration with a speech therapist can accelerate articulation improvement, as speech gradually adapts to the new tooth position.

The role of self-confidence

Speech difficulties caused by misaligned teeth often affect self-esteem—especially in children and teens who may face teasing. Many adults avoid speaking in public or smiling freely. Correcting dental irregularities can have a profoundly positive impact on confidence and social interactions.

Conclusion

Speech difficulty is often an underestimated problem directly linked to tooth position and bite alignment. Early diagnosis and appropriate orthodontic treatment can greatly improve not only articulation but also overall quality of life.Orthodontist Angeliki Nikolopoulou, serving patients in Chalandri and Koropi, ensures that every orthodontic treatment—whether with Invisalign or traditional braces—is as comfortable and effective as possible, helping each patient achieve clear speech and renewed confidence.