Breathing is a function we perform automatically, without thinking. However, the way we breathe — through the nose or the mouth — significantly affects the development of the face, jaws, and the alignment of the teeth. Many people do not realize that proper nasal breathing contributes to healthy dental and orthodontic development. Mouth breathing can, over time, lead to crooked teeth, orthodontic problems, and alterations in facial structure.
Proper nasal breathing It not only ensures adequate oxygenation of the body but also contributes to the normal development of the facial bones and muscles. In contrast, chronic mouth breathing alters the balance of forces in the mouth, affecting the position of the teeth and the alignment of the jaws.
How mouth breathing leads to crooked teeth
When a child or adult primarily breathes through the mouth, the tongue rests low in the oral cavity instead of gently touching the palate. This results in:
- Reduced tongue pressure on the palate, which normally promotes its proper development.
- A narrower upper jaw due to the lack of internal support from the tongue.
- Protrusion or crowding of the teeth, as there is not enough space for their proper alignment.
- Open bite, meaning the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly when the mouth is closed.
These changes are not only due to hereditary factors; often, poor breathing function is the main cause behind the development of crooked teeth and jaw deformities.
Effects beyond appearance
Mouth breathing does not only affect the smile. It can also cause:
- Dry mouth and tooth decay, as saliva is insufficient to protect the teeth.
- Bad breath, due to reduced oral cleanliness.
- Sleep disturbances or sleep apnea, especially in children.
- Postural changes, as the person adjusts to facilitate airflow.
Additionally, children who breathe through their mouth often show low energy, reduced concentration, and features such as an open mouth at rest or a long, narrow face, which become more pronounced over time.
How the diagnosis is made
The diagnosis of mouth breathing and its effects is multifactorial. The orthodontist, in collaboration with an otolaryngologist and a pediatric dentist (for children), can identify the causes, such as:
- Anatomical obstructions (deviated nasal septum, enlarged adenoids).
- Allergies or chronic rhinitis that hinder nasal breathing.
- Oral habits, such as prolonged pacifier use or breastfeeding beyond age three.
The clinical examination includes an orthodontic assessment, evaluation of the bite, and, if necessary, imaging tests to get a complete picture of the condition.
How crooked teeth caused by mouth breathing are treated
Orthodontic treatment aims not only to correct crooked teeth but also to address the underlying functional issues that caused the problem.
- Restoration of nasal breathing: If there are anatomical or pathological obstructions, they must first be medically addressed (e.g., removal of adenoids, treatment of allergies).
- Myofunctional therapy: Special exercises help the tongue and facial muscles function properly, supporting the correct positioning of the teeth.
- Orthodontic treatment: Using braces or clear aligners, the arrangement of the teeth is corrected and proper bite alignment is restored.
- Preventive screening in children: The earlier mouth breathing is identified, the easier it is to intervene and support normal facial development.
A holistic approach, combining medical evaluation, myofunctional training, and orthodontic treatment, provides the best possible outcome both aesthetically and functionally.
How to recognize the signs
If you notice the following in children or yourself, it is advisable to have an orthodontic evaluation:
- Frequently open mouth, even at rest.
- Snoring or noisy breathing at night.
- Dry mouth in the morning.
- Narrow upper jaw or teeth that do not fit together properly.
- Elongated face or slight forward head posture.
Early recognition can prevent the development of crooked teeth and more complex orthodontic problems in the future.
Conclusion
Proper nasal breathing is fundamental for healthy jaw development and maintaining a balanced, functional smile. When breathing occurs primarily through the mouth, it can over time lead to crooked teeth, bite dysfunctions, and alterations in facial structure.
For those seeking modern and personalized solutions for the prevention and treatment of such orthodontic problems, the Orthodontist in Chalandri and Koropi,